Development of MARASA Learning Media Based on Augmented Reality to Improve Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects among Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students

Abstract

Learning outcomes are an important aspect of successful science learning. However, learning processes that are still predominantly characterized by one-way delivery of instructional content have resulted in students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts remaining suboptimal. This condition indicates the need for interactive learning media that can present learning materials in a more concrete and engaging manner. This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective prototype of MARASA learning media based on Augmented Reality (AR) to improve the learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model. Data were collected through media and material expert validation, observations of learning implementation, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The data were analyzed using the Gregory index, percentage analysis, and an Independent Samples t-test.
The results showed that: (1) the analysis stage identified a need for the development of technology-based learning media; (2) the design stage produced a prototype of MARASA AR media for ecosystem-related learning materials, equipped with learning objectives, instructional materials, learning videos, evaluation activities, and an Augmented Reality feature with three-dimensional objects; (3) the development stage indicated that the MARASA AR media had a high level of validity based on expert validation results; (4) the implementation stage demonstrated that the media was highly practical, as indicated by teacher responses of 96% and student responses of 94.4%, while the implementation of learning activities reached 88.5% in Meeting I, 94.2% in Meeting II, and 97.1% in Meeting III. The MARASA AR media was also found to be effective based on students’ learning outcomes, with the experimental class achieving a score percentage of 86.1%, categorized as very good, which was higher than the control class at 60.8%, categorized as good. Furthermore, the Independent Samples t-test yielded a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. (5) The evaluation stage indicated that the media had generally fulfilled the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Therefore, MARASA learning media based on Augmented Reality can be used as a science learning medium for ecosystem-related materials and has the potential to support the improvement of fifth-grade elementary school students’ learning outcomes.